These are some isolated incidents that I have related. I also mentioned that a pact was made in Medina, I will now recount the clauses of this pact that have reached us through the Traditions, and expound how the Prophet made efforts to create an atmosphere of tolerance in that environment, and how he aspired to bring peace in that setting. So that peace was established and dignity of humanity was upheld in the society.
Some conditions of the pact that he made with the Jews upon reaching Medina were that Muslims and Jews would live with mutual sympathy and sincerity, and would refrain from oppression against each other. Despite the fact that the Jews continually breached this clause, the Holy Prophet(sa) continued to treat them with kindness, until the time the matter reached to such an extreme that he was forced to take severe actions against the Jews.
The second condition was that each people would have religious freedom. Despite the Muslims being in the majority the others were free to practice their religion.
The third condition was that the life and property of all inhabitants would be safe and would be respected, unless someone committed a crime or transgression. In this matter too there would be no discrimination, whether the criminal was a Muslim or a non-Muslim, punishment would be given anyhow. Additionally, protection was to be a mutual task. It was to be the government's task.
All sorts of disagreements would be brought to the Holy Prophet(sa) for decision and each decision would be made in accordance with the respective people's own religious law. As the Holy Prophet(sa) was the Commander-in-Chief at the time, all cases were to be presented to him anyhow. Objections are now raised by Christians and other opponents that the decisions given for some Jews, which were in accordance with their own Sharia, were too harsh. Although they were carried out according to the stipulated conditions.
Another condition was that no one would go to war without the permission of the Holy Prophet(sa). It was, therefore, important to abide by this condition while living under the government. The Jihadi organisations of today could take guidance from this clause. Any kind of Jihad is not allowed without the permission of the government of the country except in the situation that one joins the armed forces of the government and in the event the country goes to war, they also get to participate.
Another condition was that if any nation fought against the Jews or the Muslims, they would help each other, and in the case of a truce with the enemy if the Muslims or the non-Muslims attained any war booty or any other benefit from the truce then this would be proportionally shared by all. Similarly, if Medina was attacked all will join forces to contend with it.
Another condition was that the Jews would not give the Quraish of Mecca or their associates any kind of help or refuge as it was the Meccans who had forced the Muslims out of there. The Muslims had found refuge here [in Medina], therefore, those who lived under this government could not enter into any pact with the enemy nation or take any help from them. It was stated that each nation would meet its own expenses. In accordance with this pact no oppressor or offender or insurgent would be safe from punishment or retribution. As mentioned before, whoever committed an act of oppression, iniquity, or wrongdoing, would be seized and punished without any discrimination of being a Muslim or a Jew or another.1
1 Sirat KhatamunâNabiyyin by Hazrat Mirza Bashir Ahmad, p. 279